In a notable shift in the American legal landscape, 2023 witnessed a remarkable increase in state-led initiatives addressing the complexities and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI). This surge in state activity fills a void left by the absence of comprehensive federal legislation on AI, despite evident eagerness among federal lawmakers and corporate leaders to advance the United States’ position in the global AI arena.
State and Municipal Responses to AI Challenges
Last year, states demonstrated unprecedented activity in AI legislation, with the Software Alliance reporting over 440% more AI-related bills introduced by state lawmakers compared to the previous year. California, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Texas, Connecticut, Illinois, and New York are among the states that have taken significant steps, either through executive orders, establishing task forces, or passing legislation.
Municipalities are not far behind in this trend. Cities like Seattle and New York have made substantial progress in AI governance. Seattle’s alignment with President Biden’s AI Executive Order and New York City’s implementation of laws governing automated employment decision tools are prime examples of local initiatives shaping the future of AI regulation.
Tackling Frontier AI Models and Consumer Concerns
A primary focus of state legislation has been on regulating “frontier” AI systems – advanced models with potential high-risk capabilities. California’s proposal for transparency in AI systems requiring extensive computing power and New York’s initiative for licensing high-risk AI systems illustrate the growing concern and attention to these advanced technologies. Additionally, the regulation of deepfakes, particularly in relation to election security, has seen increased attention in states like New York and New Jersey.
The Consequences of Federal Inaction
The lack of decisive action at the federal level has led states to craft their own regulations and oversight mechanisms for AI. While the internet’s cross-state nature necessitates a unified federal approach to AI regulation, states are not waiting for Congress to act. They are actively designing their own rules, considering the creation of AI-focused agencies, and inviting public input on draft rules. Their proactive stance is seen as an opportunity to stand out on national and global levels.
Conclusion: Navigating a Fragmented Regulatory Environment
As states and localities forge ahead with their AI regulatory frameworks, a complex and varied landscape of AI regulations is emerging across the United States. This development underscores the urgent need for comprehensive federal legislation to ensure a harmonized, effective approach to AI governance. The current situation presents challenges for companies that operate across multiple states, each with its own set of AI regulations. However, it also offers a glimpse into the diverse ways in which different jurisdictions are addressing the multifaceted implications of AI technologies.
In the absence of federal consensus, the initiatives by states and municipalities are paving a crucial path forward, highlighting the need for adaptable and forward-thinking policies in the dynamic field of AI.
