China has positioned quantum technology and AI as the primary pillars of its latest 15th 5 Year Plan (2026-2030), aiming to secure global leadership in advanced science while bolstering national security and economic growth. This comprehensive policy blueprint, released during the National People’s Congress, outlines an aggressive “AI+ Action Plan” to integrate AI across various sectors—including healthcare, manufacturing, and logistics—to address structural issues like labor shortages and an aging population. Beyond AI, the strategy prioritizes high-tech frontiers such as quantum computing, 6G communications, humanoid robots, and brain-machine interfaces, categorizing them as “new quality productive forces” essential for future industrial competitiveness. China further plans to develop hyper-scale computing clusters, invest in basic research, foster domestic scientific talent, and build an integrated space-earth quantum communication network. These initiatives also reflect a strategic shift toward technological self-reliance, driven by geopolitical tensions and export controls from the United States, with additional long-term goals including breakthroughs in nuclear fusion, reusable heavy-lift rockets, and the establishment of a lunar research station.
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